Types of Programming Languages

1. Machine Language : -  Machine language (also called machine code) is the lowest-level programming language, consisting entirely of binary digits (0s and 1s) that a computer's CPU can directly understand and execute.  It is a set of binary instructions that a computer's processor directly understands and executes . 

Some Important facts about Machine Language  

• Written in binary (0 and 1)

• Specific to each type of CPU (not portable)

• Executes very fast

• Difficult for humans to write and understand 

• Machine language is directly executed by the computer. 

2. Assembly language:- Assembly language is a low-level programming language that is one step above machine language. It uses mnemonics (symbolic names) instead of binary codes, making it easier for humans to read and write.It is specific to a particular CPU architecture (e.g., Intel x86, ARM(Advanced RISC Machines ), etc.) and must be assembled into machine code using an assembler.

Some Important facts about Assembly Language  

• Uses symbolic instructions (e.g., MOV, ADD, SUB)

• Easier to understand than machine code

• Requires an assembler to convert to machine language

3.  High Level Languages :- A high-level language is a programming language designed to be easy for humans to read, write, and understand, with a higher level of abstraction from the computer's hardware compared to low-level languages.High-Level Languages are programming languages that are closer to human language 

Some Important facts about High Level Language  

• Easy to understand uses English-like syntax (e.g., print("Hello"))

• It can run on multiple types of hardware (with a compiler/interpreter)

• Needs a compiler or interpreter to convert into machine code 

Comparison between Machine , Assembly and High Level Language 

Feature                  Machine Language               Assembly Language                     High-Level Language (HLL)

Level                     Lowest (binary code)              Low-level (uses mnemonics)             High-level (English-like syntax)

Readability           Not human-readable              Difficult, but readable with effort            Easy to read and write

Speed of                       Fastest                                    Fast                                               Slower 

Execution 

Ease of                       Very hard                                 Moderate                                        Very easy

Programming 

Portability                  Not portable                          Not portable                                  Portable across systems 

Memory                       Manual                                 Manual Mostly                                       Automatic

Management

Examples                10100011               MOV A, B                    a = b + c